Most
SIXNET Industrial Ethernet Switches
are offered with optional fiber optic ports. The advantage to
fiber optics is that it provides noise immunity along with extended
link distances. Since light is unaffected by electrical interferences
(EMI) it is noise immune and ideal for applications with electrically
noisy environments. Whereas traditional Ethernet copper cabling
(Cat 5/5E/6) is limited to 100 meters (due to noise and degradation
of the signals), the light of fiber optic links can be transmitted
over much greater distances up to 120 km or more. SIXNET offers
several standard options for fiber optic ports. Many other options
may be available as special order. Please contact
SIXNET for details. |
|
|
Fiber
Optic Transceivers:
1x9
Transceivers with SC or ST Connectors:
These are offered on the fiber optic fast Ethernet (100 Mbps) ports.
The “1x9” refers to the industry-standard pin-out of
1 row by 9 pins. SIXNET offers these transceivers with dual ST or
SC style connectors. They are available as Multimode, Singlemode,
or Singlemode Long Haul. Other variations are available as special
order. Contact SIXNET
for details. |
1x9 Transceiver with SC Connectors |
1x9
Transceivers with ST Connectors
|
SFP
(Small Form Pluggable) Transceivers (aka Mini-Gbic) with LC Connectors:
These are offered on the fiber optic gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps)
ports. These transceivers plug into a cage assembly that is already
in place in the SIXNET switch. They are more compact than the more
traditional 1x9 style transceivers. SIXNET offers these transceivers
with dual LC connectors. They are available as Multimode, Singlemode,
or Singlemode Long Haul. Other variations such as CDWM (Coarse Wavelength
Division Multiplexing) are available as special order. Contact
SIXNET for details. |
|
SFP Transceiver out of cage
|
SFP Transceiver inserted in cage |
Multimode:
Multimode fiber optic links are the most popular because they generally
have the lowest cost cabling and transceivers. However, they have
limited lengths of up to 4 or 5 km. To form a multimode link you
must use both multimode cable (50 or 62.5 µm core diameter)
and multimode transceivers. With multimode fiber the light travels
multiple paths down the cable and actually bounces side to side.
Because of the nature of multimode fiber the distance it can go
is limited primarily by a phenomenon called modal dispersion or
multimode distortion. |
 Multimode
Cable |
Singlemode
and Long Haul:
Singlemode fiber optic links are less popular because of their higher
cost cabling and transceivers but they can operate over extended
distances up to 120 km or more. To form a singlemode link you must
use both singlemode cable (8, 9 or 10 µm core diameter; 9
um is most common) and singlemode transceivers. With singlemode
fiber the light travels in a single path down the cable. This is
more efficient and allows for the extended distances. Singlemode
fiber is not affected by modal dispersion so its distance is limited
mostly by the power and sensitivity of the transceivers being used. |
 Singlemode
Cable |
|
|
|
SIXNET
Fiber Transceivers Performance Specifications:
| Part
Number |
Ethernet
Type |
Transceiver
Type |
Mode |
Data
Rate
(Mbps)
|
Signal
Rate
(MHz)
|
Wave-length
(nm)
|
IEEE
Standard |
Estimated
Link Length |
| --
|
Fast
Ethernet |
1X9
|
Multi |
100 |
125 |
1310/LED |
100BaseFX |
2
km |
| --
|
Fast
Ethernet |
1X9
|
Single |
100 |
125 |
1310
/ FP |
100BaseFX |
10
km |
| --
|
Fast
Ethernet |
1X9
|
Single
– long haul |
100 |
125 |
1310
/ FP |
100BaseFX |
40
km |
| --
|
Fast
Ethernet |
1X9
|
Single
– long haul |
100 |
125 |
1550
/ DFB |
100BaseFX |
80
km |
| --
|
Fast
Ethernet |
1X9
|
Single
– long haul |
100 |
125 |
1550
/ DFB |
100BaseFX |
120
km |
| FMFIBER-SFP-2K |
Fast
Ethernet |
SFP |
Multi |
100 |
125 |
1310
/ LED |
100BaseFX |
2
km |
| FSFIBER-SFP-30K |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
SFP |
Single |
100 |
125 |
1310
/ FP |
100BaseFX |
30
km |
| FSFIBER-SFP-60K |
Fast
Ethernet |
SFP |
Single
– long haul |
100 |
125 |
1310
/ FP |
100BaseFX |
60
km |
| FSFIBER-SFP-80K |
Fast
Ethernet |
SFP |
Single
– long haul |
100 |
125 |
1550
/ DFB |
100BaseFX |
80
km |
| GMFIBER-SFP-500 |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
SFP |
Multi |
1000 |
1250 |
850
/ VCSEL |
1000BaseSX |
500
m |
| GMFIBER-SFP-2K |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
SFP |
Multi |
1000 |
1250 |
1310
/ FP |
1000BaseSX |
2
km |
| GSFIBER-SFP-10K |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
SFP |
Single |
1000 |
1250 |
1310
/ FP |
1000BaseLX |
10
km |
| GSFIBER-SFP-30K |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
SFP |
Single
– long haul |
1000 |
1250 |
1310
/ DFB |
1000BaseLX |
30
km |
| GSFIBER-SFP-50K |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
SFP |
Single
– long haul |
1000 |
1250 |
1550
/ DFB |
1000BaseLH |
50
km |
| GSFIBER-SFP-80K |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
SFP |
Single
– long haul |
1000 |
1250 |
1550
/ DFB |
1000BaseLH |
80
km |
|
SIXNET
Fiber Transceivers Performance Specifications (continued):
| Part
Number |
Mode |
Power
Budget
(Power - Sensitivity)
|
Transmitter
Power* |
Receiver
Sensitivity* |
| Typical |
Worst |
Min.
dB
|
Typ.
dB
|
Max.
dB
|
Min.
dB
|
Typ.
dB
|
Max.
dB
|
| --
|
Multi |
17
(-17 minus -34) |
13
(-19 minus -32) |
-19 |
-17 |
-14 |
-- |
-34 |
-32 |
| --
|
Single |
23
(-11 minus -34) |
16
(-15 minus -31) |
-15 |
-11 |
-7 |
-- |
-34 |
-31 |
| --
|
Single-
Long haul |
34
(-2 minus -36) |
29
(-5 minus -34) |
-5 |
-2 |
0 |
-- |
-36 |
-34 |
| --
|
Single
- long haul |
34
(-2 minus -36) |
29
(-5 minus -34) |
-5 |
-2 |
0 |
-- |
-36 |
-34 |
| --
|
Single
- long haul |
38.5
(2.5 minus -36) |
35
(0 minus -35) |
0 |
2.5 |
5 |
-- |
-36 |
-35 |
| FMFIBER-SFP-2K |
Multil |
15
(-17 minus -32) |
12
(-20 minus -32) |
-20 |
-17 |
-14 |
-- |
-- |
-32 |
| FSFIBER-SFP-30K |
Single |
28
(-6 minus -34) |
25
(-9 minus -34) |
-9 |
-6 |
-3 |
-- |
-- |
-34 |
FSFIBER-SFP-60K |
Single-
Long haul |
33
(-2 minus -35) |
30
(-5 minus -35) |
-5
|
-2 |
0 |
-- |
-- |
-35 |
| FSFIBER-SFP-80K |
Single
- long haul |
33
(-2 minus -35) |
30
(-5 minus -35) |
-5
|
-2 |
0 |
-- |
-- |
-35 |
GMFIBER-SFP-500 |
Multi |
12
(-6 minus -18) |
9
(-9 minus -18) |
-9 |
-6 |
-3 |
-- |
-- |
-18 |
GMFIBER-SFP-2K |
Multi |
12
(-6 minus -18) |
9
(-9 minus -18) |
-9 |
-6 |
-3 |
-- |
-- |
-20 |
GSFIBER-SFP-10K |
Single |
14
(-6 minus -20) |
11
(-9 minus -20) |
-9 |
-6 |
-3 |
-- |
-- |
-20 |
GSFIBER-SFP-30K |
Single
- long haul |
22
(-1 minus -23) |
19
(-4 minus -23) |
-4 |
-1 |
2 |
-- |
-- |
-23 |
GSFIBER-SFP-50K |
Single
- long haul |
22
(-1 minus -23) |
19
(-4 minus -23) |
-4 |
-1 |
2 |
-- |
-- |
-23 |
GSFIBER-SFP-80K |
Single
- long haul |
25
(2 minus -23) |
23
(0 minus -23) |
0 |
2 |
5 |
-- |
-- |
-23 |
* Note: For transmitter
power the higher the number the better. The opposite is true for
receiver sensitivity, the lower the number the better. |
| |
Fiber
Cable Parameters (typical):
|
Cable
Size
(core/cladding)
(µm)
|
Mode |
Wavelength
(nm)
|
Connector
Losses
(dB per connection)
|
Splice
Loses
(db per splice)
|
Distance
Losses
(dB per km)
|
Multimode
Modal Dispersion*
(MHz x km)
|
Singlemode
Dispersion
(ps / nm x km)
|
62.5/125
µm |
Multi |
850
nm |
1
dB |
0.2
dB |
3.3
dB |
300 |
-- |
50/125
µm |
Multi |
850
nm |
1
dB |
0.2
dB |
2.7
dB |
700 |
-- |
62.5/125
µm |
Multi |
1310
nm |
1
dB |
0.2
dB |
1
dB |
500 |
-- |
50/125
µm |
Multi |
1310
nm |
1
dB |
0.2
dB |
0.8
dB |
800 |
-- |
9/125
µm |
Single |
1310
nm |
1
dB |
0.2
dB |
0.5
dB |
-- |
3.5 |
9/125
µm |
Single |
1550
nm |
1
dB |
0.2
dB |
0.25
dB |
-- |
19 |
8/125
µm |
Single |
1550
nm |
1
dB |
0.2
dB |
0.2
dB |
-- |
19 |
* Note: These
are just guideline numbers. Refer to your cable specifications for
more accurate values.
|
| |
Calculating
Fiber Optic Distances:
There are two primary ways to calculate how far you can go with
your fiber optic links. To be safe you should go by the shortest
result from the two methods, if you use both such as you can with
Multimode fiber. Also, you should design for up to a 25% safety
margin to be conservative and allow for degradation of the signal
and cable over time.
Method 1: Modal
Dispersion for Multimode links only
|
Maximum
Distance = modal Dispersion / Signal rate
| Speed |
Mode |
Wavelength
(nm)
|
Cable
Diameter
(µm)
|
Modal
Dispersion*
|
Signal
Rate
(MHz)
|
Max.
Distance
Based on
Modal Dispersion |
Fast
Ethernet |
Multi |
850
nm |
62.5/125 |
300 |
125 |
2.4
km |
Fast
Ethernet |
Multi |
850
nm |
50/125 |
700 |
125 |
5.6
km
|
Fast
Ethernet |
Multi |
1310
nm |
62.5/125 |
500 |
125 |
4
km |
Fast
Ethernet |
Multi |
1310
nm |
50/125 |
800 |
125 |
6.4
km |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
Multi |
850
nm |
62.5/125 |
300 |
1250 |
240
m |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
Multi |
850
nm |
50/125 |
700 |
1250 |
560
m |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
Multi |
1310
nm |
62.5/125 |
500 |
1250 |
400
m |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
Multi |
1310
nm |
50/125 |
800 |
1250 |
640
m |
|
| Method
2: Based on Optical Budget |
| Power
Budget = Transmitter Power – Receiver Sensitivity
Spare Optical Budget = Power Budget – Power Losses (splices
and connectors)
Maximum Distance = Spare Optical Budget / Distance Losses
| Speed |
Mode |
Cable
Size |
Wave-length |
Power
Budget
(Worst case)
|
Typical
Losses*
|
Spare
Power
|
Distance
Losses
|
Max.
Distance
|
Fast
Ethernet |
Multi |
62.5/125
µm |
1310
nm |
10
dB |
6
dB |
4
dB |
1
dB |
4
km |
Fast
Ethernet |
Multi |
50/125
µm |
1310
nm |
10
dB |
6
dB |
4
dB |
0.8
dB |
5
km |
Fast
Ethernet |
Single |
9/125
µm |
1310
nm |
16
dB |
6
dB |
10
dB |
0.5
dB |
20
km |
Fast
Ethernet |
Long
haul |
9/125
µm |
1310
nm |
29
dB |
6
dB |
23
dB |
0.5
dB |
46
km |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
Multi |
62.5/125
µm |
850
nm |
9
dB |
6
dB |
3
dB |
3.3
dB |
0.9
km |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
Multi |
50/125
µm |
850
nm |
9
dB |
6
dB |
3
dB |
2.7
dB |
1.1
km |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
Single |
9/125
µm |
1310
nm |
11
dB |
6
dB |
5
dB |
0.5
dB |
10
km
|
Gigabit
Ethernet |
Long
haul |
9/125
µm |
1310
nm |
19
dB |
6
dB |
13
dB |
0.5
dB |
26
km |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
Long
haul |
9/125
µm |
1310
nm |
19
dB |
6
dB |
13
dB |
0.25
dB |
52
km |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
Long
haul |
9/125
µm |
1310
nm |
23
dB |
6
dB |
17
dB |
0.2
dB |
85
km |
* Note: Typical
losses include 2 dB (two connectors), 3 dB (safety margin) &
0.4 (two splices) = 6 dB (rounded up) |
| |
| Fiber
Optic Maximum Distance Summary: |
| Speed |
Mode |
Cable
Size |
Wave-length |
IEEE
Recommended Distance |
Max.
Distance Based on Power Budget* |
Max.
Distance Based on Modal Dispersion* |
| Fast
Ethernet |
Multi |
62.5/125
µm |
1310
nm |
2
km
|
4
km |
4
km |
Fast
Ethernet |
Multi |
50/125
µm |
1310
nm |
2
km |
5
km |
6.4
km |
Fast
Ethernet |
Single |
9/125
µm |
1310
nm |
15
km |
20
km |
-- |
Fast
Ethernet |
Long
haul |
9/125
µm |
1310
nm |
-- |
46
km |
-- |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
Multi |
62.5/125
µm |
850
nm |
220
m |
0.9
km |
240
m |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
Multi |
50/125
µm |
850
nm |
550
m |
1.1
km |
560
m |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
Single |
9/125
µm |
1310
nm |
5
km |
10
km
|
-- |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
Long
haul |
9/125
µm |
1310
nm |
-- |
26
km |
-- |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
Long
haul |
9/125
µm |
1310
nm |
-- |
52
km |
-- |
Gigabit
Ethernet |
Long
haul |
9/125
µm |
1310
nm |
70
km |
85
km |
-- |
* Note: These
numbers are just guidelines and are highly dependent on your cable
and transceiver specifications. |
|
|
Important
Note:
This information is provided as a guideline for planning your fiber
optic links using SIXNET Industrial Ethernet switches. It is not
a guarantee of performance. The actual distance limits depend on
the factors described above and other factors such as the actual
optical fiber attenuation, wear and age of your transceivers and
cables, and quality of connectors and splices. Whenever possible
you should measure and verify the characteristics of your links
to make sure that they will perform as expected. |
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